Skeletal muscle cells maintain an extensive and highly differentiated membrane system and in addition they are actively secretory, being responsible for the production and secretion of numerous endocrine, autocrine, and bioactive factors (44). Engel, in Muscle, 2012 Golgi and Associated Organelles To yield more successful results, it is necessary to optimize cell transfer methods, cell type choice, dose administered, survival and engraftment of the transplanted cells within the heart to maintain the same functional and structural properties of the injured myocardium.Ĭlara Franzini-Armstrong, Andrew G. Therefore, the potential use of skeletal myoblasts as targets for cardiac repair remains a concern because they are not the most suitable cell type for cardiac regeneration. Additionally, skeletal myoblasts need to be amplified in vitro, leading to their senescence and limited proliferation capacity after injection in the injured myocardium ( Reinecke et al., 2000, 2004 Hagege et al., 2006 Menasche et al., 2008). These findings, together with the potential commitment of skeletal muscle stem cells to become non-contractile skeletal myocytes instead of transdifferentiating into cardiomyocytes, could be the reason for the arrhythmias detected in patients treated with skeletal myoblasts. Knockdown of Connexin 43 and N-cadherin expression in the injected skeletal myoblasts led to a lack of integration of skeletal myoblasts within the heart and the absence of mechanical or electrical coupling between the engrafted skeletal muscle stem cells and the myocardium. In contrast to these reports, other studies failed to show an improvement in regional or global LV function after myoblast transplantation in patients with severe ischemic heart disease ( Menasche et al., 2008). An improvement in survival, left ventricular (LV) function performance and cardiac regeneration was detected, during short-term follow up, after skeletal myoblast injection following MI ( Taylor et al., 1998). Several studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of skeletal myoblasts transplantation within injured myocardium ( Murry et al., 1996 Menasche, 2004 Laflamme and Murry, 2005). Skeletal muscle cells or satellite cells have been widely studied because of their ease of procurement, autologous origin, growth potential, myogenic commitment and resistance to ischemia. Skeletal muscle cells were the first cell type to be used for clinical cell therapy to replace the damaged heart after myocardial infarction (MI). Hajjar, in Cardiac Regeneration and Repair, 2014 16.2.1 Skeletal myoblasts
0 kommentar(er)
