The biomarkers in peripheral blood, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), could be detected as tumor-associated components. For example, liquid biopsy, which is quick and non-invasive, could be a potential alternative detection method for early cancer diagnosis. A more accurate and non-invasive cancer diagnosis is attracting great attention. However, the biomarkers in serum are not specific enough, and tissue biopsy may be harmful. In recent decades, cancer diagnostic modalities have been mostly based on serum screening and tissue biopsy. This simple-to-operate, low-cost chip exhibits great potential for clinical application. Moreover, we successfully identified CTCs from cancer patients’ blood samples. Our chip attained a high capture efficiency of 89.27%, a release efficiency of 91.98%, and an excellent cellular viability of 96.91% when the concentration of MMP-9 was 0.2 mg/mL. In addition, the transparency of the chip makes it possible for fluorescence immunoassay identification in situ under a microscope.
These nanoparticles share a similar dimension with the microvilli and pseudopodium of the cellular surface thus, they can enhance adhesion to CTCs, and then GNPs can be degraded by the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), gently releasing the captured cells. Herein, an FTO chip modified with multifunctional gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) was designed for the specific capture and non-destructive release of CTCs. Due to their extremely low concentrations, efficient enrichment and non-destructive release are needed. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cancer patients’ peripheral blood have been demonstrated to be a significant biomarker for metastasis detection, disease prognosis, and therapy response.
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